Artificial Intelligence in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery: A Comprehensive Review From Diagnosis to Rehabilitation

Artificial intelligence (AI) has presented clinical maturity in healthcare applications. AI is reshaping orthopaedic practice by enhancing the speed and efficiency of clinical decision-making, surgical planning, and research workflows. AI enables clinicians to optimize the care pathway through rapid data processing, pattern recognition, and predictive modelling. This review examines the current AI applications across the entire spectrum of orthopaedic care and its contribution to patient care and resource utilization. Despite these promising developments, several barriers prevent widespread adoption, including concerns regarding algorithm transparency, data privacy, potential bias in training datasets, and implementation costs. The path forward requires the development of explainable AI systems that clinicians can trust and validate. As AI technology continues to evolve, success will depend on augmenting human judgment with machine precision to deliver optimal care for patients with musculoskeletal conditions.