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"To Be Twice as Good to Get Half": Minorities' Diminished Returns.

Shervin Assari1,2,3,4, John Ashley Pallera5, Hossein Zare6,7

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
|October 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) show that even high-achieving Black individuals experience fewer health and well-being benefits from socioeconomic success compared to White populations due to systemic barriers.

Keywords:
Chronic StressHealth DisparitiesMinorities’ Diminished ReturnsPolicy InterventionsSocioeconomic StatusStructural RacismSystemic Barriers

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Public Health
  • Health Equity

Background:

  • The concept of

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the phenomenon of Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) and its impact on health and well-being.
  • To identify the systemic obstacles and mechanisms contributing to MDRs.
  • To propose policy recommendations for achieving genuine health and economic equity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of U.S. national and local datasets.
  • Corroboration with international studies.
  • Examination of mediating factors such as chronic stress and allostatic load.

Main Results:

  • High socioeconomic status (SES) does not confer the same health and well-being benefits for Black individuals as for White populations.
  • Structural inequities (e.g., labor discrimination, segregation, racism) erode the protective effects of SES.
  • Interpersonal discrimination, lower-quality education, and structural racism are key mechanisms driving MDRs.

Conclusions:

  • Policies must dismantle structural barriers, not solely focus on SES improvements.
  • Multi-sectoral policies are necessary to address the unique challenges faced by marginalized groups.
  • Achieving equity requires long-term structural interventions and a departure from the "bootstraps" narrative.