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Published on: April 26, 2019
Advances in the study of oral microbiota in association with T2DM: a systematic review
Mingming Huang1, Xinbi Zhang1, Leiming Di1
1Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.
Objective:
This systematic review aimed to examine the relationship between the oral microbiota and the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods:
A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Three independent reviewers searched relevant literature across multiple databases, including PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus, covering publications from April 2000 to April 2025.
Results:
A total of 1,438 publications were initially identified, of which 34 studies met the inclusion criteria after screening, namely 23 cross-sectional studies and 11 case-control studies. These studies involved 2,062 patients with T2DM and 1,445 non-diabetic controls. All included studies reported a correlation or potential association between the oral microbiota and T2DM. Fifteen studies analyzed alpha diversity, revealing heterogeneous findings: three reported increased diversity in T2DM patients, two reported decreased diversity, and the remainder showed either no significant differences or inconsistent trends. At the phylum level, Firmicutes was consistently elevated in T2DM patients (14 studies), whereas Proteobacteria was often reduced, and findings on Bacteroidetes varied. At the genus level, Streptococcus, Porphyromonas, and Treponema were most frequently enriched in T2DM populations, with Streptococcus significantly elevated in 22 studies. Notably, Porphyromonas gingivalis was repeatedly identified as a potential contributor to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance, indicating a potential pathogenic role in the metabolic dysregulation of T2DM. Species-level analyses further revealed increased abundance of Streptococcus mutans, P. gingivalis, and T. denticola, supporting the hypothesis that oral dysbiosis is linked to T2DM pathogenesis.
Conclusion:
There is a significant association between oral microbiota composition and T2DM. These findings highlight the potential importance of oral health monitoring as part of preventive and therapeutic strategies in the management of T2DM.
Insights
The oral microbiota is significantly linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Monitoring oral health may aid in T2DM prevention and management.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Endocrinology
- Public Health
Background:
- The oral microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining local and systemic health.
- Alterations in the oral microbiome have been implicated in various systemic diseases.
- Understanding the oral microbiota's connection to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is vital for comprehensive patient care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the existing literature on the association between oral microbiota composition and the development and progression of T2DM.
- To identify specific bacterial taxa in the oral cavity that are correlated with T2DM.
- To evaluate the potential role of oral dysbiosis in T2DM pathogenesis.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines.
- Literature searches were performed across PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus from April 2000 to April 2025.
- 34 studies (23 cross-sectional, 11 case-control) involving 2,062 T2DM patients and 1,445 controls were included.
Main Results:
- Firmicutes were consistently elevated in T2DM patients, while Proteobacteria were often reduced.
- Streptococcus, Porphyromonas, and Treponema were frequently enriched in T2DM populations, with Streptococcus elevated in 22 studies.
- Porphyromonas gingivalis was identified as a potential contributor to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in T2DM.
Conclusions:
- A significant association exists between oral microbiota composition and T2DM.
- Oral dysbiosis, characterized by specific bacterial shifts, is linked to T2DM pathogenesis.
- Oral health monitoring may be important for T2DM prevention and management strategies.
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