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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Structures of the Endocrine System00:59

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The intricate framework of the endocrine system encompasses a diverse array of glands, with their target tissues and organs strategically distributed throughout the body. Central to this network are the endocrine glands, specialized structures that lack ducts and release hormones directly into the interstitial fluid. Notably, the hypothalamus, a vital neuroendocrine organ situated in the brain, governs neural functions and serves as a potent source of hormonal regulation. Near the hypothalamus...
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An Overview of the Endocrine System01:10

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The endocrine system, a complex network of glands, orchestrates physiological balance within the body through the production and secretion of hormones. These hormones are chemical messengers in intercellular communication, acting as conduits between the secretory cells and distant target sites. They traverse the circulatory system by being released into the extracellular fluid, and their impact is specific to cells possessing receptors for a particular hormone.
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Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
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EndoCompass project: research roadmap for thyroid endocrinology.

Agnieszka Piekiełko-Witkowska1, Rossella Elisei2, Juliane Leger3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Centre of Translational Research, ul. Marymoncka 99/103, 01-818 Warsaw, Poland.

European Journal of Endocrinology
|October 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endocrine research, particularly for thyroid disorders, is underfunded in the EU. The EndoCompass project identified key priorities like personalized medicine and AI to improve diagnostics and treatments, aiming to reduce the burden of these conditions.

Keywords:
Graves’ diseaseHashimoto's thyroiditisautoimmune thyroid diseasecongenital hypothyroidismendocrine-disrupting chemicalsmedullary thyroid cancermicrobiomesubclinical thyroid diseasethyroidthyroid cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and hormone health research.
  • Thyroid disorder research and management.

Background:

  • Endocrine science is underrepresented in EU research programs, despite the importance of hormone health.
  • A gap exists between the societal impact of endocrine disorders and their research prioritization.
  • The EndoCompass project aims to define strategic research priorities in endocrinology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and promote strategic research priorities in endocrine science.
  • To address critical hormone-related health challenges within the EU.
  • To align research funding with areas of high potential impact in endocrine health.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the EU CORDIS database (Horizon 2020).
  • Expert consultations in thyroid endocrinology.
  • Stakeholder engagement with society members and patient advocacy groups.

Main Results:

  • Priorities for thyroid disorders include neoplastic and nonneoplastic conditions.
  • Focus areas include disease mechanisms, diagnostics, treatments, and environmental/metabolic factors.
  • Key areas identified: personalized medicine, AI applications, and pan-European registries for rare thyroid conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The EndoCompass project provides a roadmap for strategic research investment in thyroid disorders.
  • Identified areas for investigation include pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment strategies.
  • Aims to reduce the burden of thyroid disorders on individuals and society.