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Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and

Suxin Wan1, He Yan2, Qiu-Yan Sun1

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.

Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism
|October 17, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) show promise in improving cognitive function for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Long-term use of GLP-1RAs may offer enhanced neuroprotection and cognitive benefits.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is linked to increased cognitive impairment risk.
  • The cognitive effects of conventional hypoglycemic drugs are not well-established.
  • GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are increasingly used for T2DM management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate the neuroprotective effects of GLP-1RAs in T2DM patients.
  • To provide evidence-based insights for optimizing diabetes management strategies.
  • To assess the impact of GLP-1RAs on cognitive function using RCT data.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was performed across multiple databases up to July 2025.
  • Included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared GLP-1RAs with placebo or conventional therapy.
  • Meta-analysis was used to pool data from 18 RCTs involving 11,114 participants.

Main Results:

  • GLP-1RA treatment significantly improved MMSE scores (WMD: 1.33) and MoCA scores (WMD: 1.70) compared to placebo.
  • Long-term GLP-1RA use (≥24 weeks) showed significantly greater improvement in MMSE scores than short-term use.
  • Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness and stability of the findings.

Conclusions:

  • GLP-1 RA-based therapy demonstrates potential for improving cognitive function in T2DM patients.
  • Long-term administration or early initiation of GLP-1 RAs may yield greater cognitive benefits.
  • These findings support the consideration of GLP-1 RAs for cognitive health in T2DM management.
Keywords:
GLP‐1 receptor agonistscognitive impairmentmeta‐analysissystematic reviewtype 2 diabetes mellitus

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