Upper Interface Engineering Between Perovskite and Electron Transport Layer Toward Efficient and Stable Inverted...

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Renewable Energy
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Inverted (p-i-n) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) show promise for photovoltaics, but their performance is limited by the perovskite/electron transport layer (ETL) interface.
• This critical interface affects electron extraction, ion migration, and recombination, impacting open-circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF), and can cause hysteresis and degradation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review interfacial modification strategies for the perovskite/ETL interface in inverted PSCs.
• To classify these strategies based on material categories and elucidate structure-property relationships.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive review of literature focusing on interfacial modification techniques.
• Classification of modification materials into four categories: ammonium salts, organic molecules, polymers, and inorganic materials.
• Discussion of how these materials impact charge transport, ion migration, and adhesion.

Main Results:

• Interfacial modification significantly optimizes charge transport, suppresses ion migration, and enhances adhesion at the perovskite/ETL junction.
• Understanding structure-property relationships is key to designing effective interfacial layers.
• Various characterization techniques are available for probing interfacial phenomena.

Conclusions:

• Engineering the upper interface of inverted PSCs is essential for achieving high performance and commercial viability.
• Further research into this underexplored interface presents significant opportunities for advancing PSC technology.