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What does ChatGPT know about Migraine? A comparative-descriptive analysis.

Lucas Bernardi Garcia¹, Ana Júlia Ferreira², Mohamad Ali Hussein³

¹Departamento Medicina, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.

Cephalalgia : an International Journal of Headache

|October 17, 2025

Summary

ChatGPT-4o shows promise for sharing migraine information but requires professional oversight due to accuracy and citation issues. Its reliability in clinical settings needs careful evaluation.

Keywords:

AI hallucinations AI in medicine ChatGPT medical education migraine

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Area of Science:

Medical Education
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Clinical Decision-Making

Background:

Artificial intelligence (AI) integration in medicine is growing.
ChatGPT-4o offers access to extensive biomedical knowledge.
Concerns exist regarding AI's accuracy in clinical applications like migraine.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate ChatGPT-4o's reliability and accuracy for clinical migraine questions.
To assess the factual correctness and interpretative consistency of AI responses.

Main Methods:

Eight clinical questions on migraine (pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment) were posed to ChatGPT-4o.
Responses were cross-referenced with high-impact medical literature.
Accuracy was rated based on conceptual correctness, reference validity, and clinical coherence.

Main Results:

62.5% of ChatGPT-4o responses were satisfactory.
37.5% were partially satisfactory; none were unsatisfactory.
Limitations included AI hallucinations in references and lack of technical depth.

Conclusions:

ChatGPT-4o has potential as a tool for disseminating migraine information.
Professional supervision is essential due to limitations in bibliographic precision and nuance.
Further validation is needed before widespread clinical adoption.