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Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: Organic Radicals

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: Organic Radicals

Ideally, an unpaired electron shows a single peak in the EPR spectrum due to the transition between the two spin energy states. However, coupling interactions can occur between the spins of the unpaired electron and any neighboring spin-active nuclei. This hyperfine coupling results in hyperfine splitting, where the EPR signal is split into multiplets. The signals split into 2nI + 1 peaks, where n is the number of equivalent nuclei and I is the nuclear spin. These splitting patterns provide...

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.

Parallel Resonance

Parallel Resonance

The parallel RLC circuit is an arrangement where the resistor (R), inductor (L), and capacitor (C) are all connected to the same nodes and, as a result, share the same voltage across them. The parallel RLC circuit is analyzed in terms of admittance (Y), which reflects the ease with which current can flow. The admittance is given by:

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...

Characteristics of Series Resonant Circuit

Characteristics of Series Resonant Circuit

Series resonance occurs in a circuit containing inductive (L), capacitive (C), and resistive (R) elements connected sequentially. At the resonance frequency, the inductive and capacitive reactances are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign, effectively canceling each other. This causes the circuit's impedance is minimal, primarily determined by the resistance R. The resonant frequency of an RLC circuit is defined as:

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Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator

Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator

Published on: December 15, 2021

Sample-accessible multi-resonance X-band EPR triple ring resonator.

Chun Him Lee¹, Meltem Elitaş², Jan G Korvink¹

¹Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)

|October 17, 2025

Summary

Researchers developed a novel triple-ring micro-resonator for electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. This device enables sensitive, high-throughput analysis of small samples with improved performance.

Keywords:

High-throughput Parallel EPR Sample-accessible

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Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator

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Fabrication and Characterization of High-Q Silicon Nitride Membrane Resonators

Fabrication and Characterization of High-Q Silicon Nitride Membrane Resonators

Published on: August 8, 2025

Area of Science:

Physics
Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Micro-resonators enable electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy for mass-limited samples.
Planar resonators offer accessible sample environments for in situ and operando experiments.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel triple-ring micro-resonator structure for enhanced EPR spectroscopy.
To leverage miniaturization and sample accessibility for advanced characterization.

Main Methods:

Designed and fabricated a triple-ring micro-resonator structure.
Utilized cascading ring resonators to enhance the quality factor (Q-factor).
Implemented relative translations for tuning and isolation of resonances.

Main Results:

Achieved three simultaneously operating X-band channels (8-11 GHz) with 50 nL sample volume per channel.
Demonstrated a maximum spin sensitivity of 1.18×10^8 Spin/Hz^1/2.
Obtained a Q-factor of 73 for the center resonance (9.45 GHz) with passive reflectors.

Conclusions:

The novel triple-ring resonator offers improved sensitivity and sample accessibility for EPR spectroscopy.
Cascading resonators enhances Q-factor, enabling more precise measurements.
The design is scalable for high-throughput parallel EPR spectroscopy.