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Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes
Published on: February 22, 2014
Orchestration of plant PRR- and NLR-mediated immunity: Protein kinases and beyond
Yan Yan1, Guangchao Liu1, Qiaochu Shen1
1Department of Molecular, Cellular, & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Abstract:
The plant immune system senses infections primarily through two branches of immune receptors: cell surface-resident pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular NOD-like receptors (NLRs). Although distinct in perception and activation, PRR and NLR signaling are interconnected and mutually regulated. A major class of PRRs, receptor kinases (RKs), often activate intracellular kinases, including receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Some RLCKs act as decoys, activating NLRs upon pathogen effector recognition. Recent advances expand the repertoire of kinases, including RKs, tandem kinase proteins, and calcium-dependent protein kinases, by directly activating or suppressing NLRs through phosphorylation. Furthermore, PRR-regulated RKs and MAPKs play critical roles in restraining NLR activity to maintain immune homeostasis. In response to pathogen perturbations, plants mobilize backup surveillance mechanisms involving RKs and RLCKs to derepress NLR immunity. This review highlights recent advances in the dynamic interplay between PRR and NLR signaling, focusing on protein kinases.
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