Linking nutrition and aging: A cross-domain analysis of Mediterranean Diet Adhesion Screener components

This study explores the scientific landscape linking the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) to aging-related health outcomes through a comprehensive bibliometric and scoping review approach. Given the increasing prevalence of chronic conditions in aging populations, diet has emerged as a modifiable factor with potential to enhance health span. The Mediterranean diet, characterized by high intake of vegetables, fruits, olive oil, and legumes, has shown promise in promoting cardiovascular, neurological, and metabolic health. MEDAS, a validated 14-item questionnaire developed within the PREDIMED study, serves as a practical tool to assess adherence to this dietary pattern. The current analysis spans literature from 2000 to 2025 and includes 203 peer-reviewed publications indexed in Web of Science. Using VOSviewer and CiteSpace software, co-occurrence maps, keyword clusters, and disease associations were visualized. Results indicate that fish, vegetables, nuts, and olive oil are the most frequently studied MEDAS components. Cardiovascular aging emerged as the most researched domain, followed by general aging and neurodegenerative conditions, while dermatological aging remains underexplored. Key themes such as cognitive decline, frailty, inflammaging, and longevity underscore the multidimensional role of MEDAS. Findings suggest that MEDAS is not only a dietary adherence measure but also a valuable instrument in preventive geriatric nutrition. Its global adaptability, simplicity, and strong predictive value make it a suitable tool for clinical and community-based nutritional strategies. This study contributes a consolidated foundation for future interdisciplinary efforts to integrate diet-based approaches into aging research and public health policy.