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Indole propionic acid modulates macrophage polarization via TGF-β1/smads to enhance E-cadherin expression in

Qinyuan Yang1, Huaiqin Zhong2, Zhen Zhu3

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China; Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Health and Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China.

European Journal of Pharmacology
|October 17, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Keywords:
E-cadherinIndole propionic acidInflammatory bowel diseaseMacrophage polarizationTGF-β1/Smads pathway

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