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Executive functions predict time reference processing in French-speaking people with Alzheimer's disease.

Evodie Schaffner1, Mélanie Sandoz2, Noémie Auclair-Ouellet3

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Alzheimer's disease impairs time reference abilities, affecting tense and aspect marking. Executive functions like memory and flexibility are crucial for language processing in individuals with Alzheimer's disease.

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Alzheimer diseaseAspectExecutive functionsTenseTime referenceWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neurolinguistics
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with cognitive deficits, particularly in executive functions.
  • Impaired time reference, the ability to express time linguistically, is a known consequence of AD.
  • The specific impact of executive function deficits on time reference, including tense and grammatical aspect, remains under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between the cognitive profile, specifically executive functions, and time reference abilities in French-speaking individuals with probable Alzheimer's disease.
  • To determine if executive function deficits predict difficulties in marking tense and grammatical aspect.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 21 French-speaking individuals with biologically probable Alzheimer's disease (confirmed by biomarkers) and a control group participated.
  • Participants completed verb inflection tasks to assess time reference.
  • Cognitive tests were administered to evaluate executive function abilities, including verbal working memory, inhibition, and mental flexibility.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with Alzheimer's disease demonstrated significant difficulties in tense and aspect marking.
  • Impaired verbal working memory, inhibition, and mental flexibility were strongly associated with deficits in time reference processing.
  • Executive function abilities significantly influenced the capacity to mark tense and grammatical aspect.

Conclusions:

  • Executive function deficits are a key factor contributing to impaired time reference in French speakers with Alzheimer's disease.
  • These findings underscore the cognitive underpinnings of language difficulties in Alzheimer's disease.
  • Targeting executive function interventions may be beneficial for improving linguistic abilities in AD patients.