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Association Between Serum Copper and Overactive Bladder in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Mingming Xu1, Qinghua Wang1, Youyang Zhang2
1Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China.
Biological Trace Element Research
|October 17, 2025
Summary
Elevated serum copper levels are linked to an increased risk of overactive bladder (OAB) in adults. This association is particularly pronounced in women, suggesting potential toxic effects of copper.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Urology
Background:
- Copper is a common heavy metal exposure linked to various diseases.
- The relationship between serum copper and overactive bladder (OAB) risk remains unexamined.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the potential association between serum copper levels and the risk of developing overactive bladder (OAB) in adults.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study utilized data from 4600 adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2016.
- Overactive bladder (OAB) was assessed using the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS).
- Univariate and multivariate weighted logistic regression models and subgroup analyses were employed to evaluate the association.
Main Results:
- Serum copper concentrations were significantly higher in the OAB group (127.50) compared to the non-OAB group (117.86).
- Higher serum copper levels were positively associated with OAB risk, even after adjusting for covariates (OR=1.551, p=0.005).
- The association was significant in females (OR=1.630, p=0.025).
Conclusions:
- Excess serum copper is positively correlated with an increased risk of overactive bladder (OAB).
- This association is particularly significant in females.
- Further prospective cohort and mechanistic studies are warranted to confirm the causal relationship between copper and OAB.
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