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Correction: Sutthanont et al. Effectiveness of Herbal Essential Oils as Single and Combined Repellents Against <i>Aedes aegypti</i>, <i>Anopheles dirus</i> and <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> (Diptera: Culicidae). <i>Insects</i> 2022, <i>13</i>, 658.

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Optimizing endectocide and ectocide compound evaluation in Anopheles malaria vectors.

Kevin C Kobylinski1, Thitipong Hongsuwong2, Pattarapon Khemrattrakool2

  • 1Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. kobylinskikevin@yahoo.com.

Parasites & Vectors
|October 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mass ivermectin treatment for malaria vector control shows promise, with the Mix diet minimizing mosquito mortality. Mosquitoes imbibed less ivermectin than present in blood meals, suggesting excretion during feeding.

Keywords:
AnophelesBloodBlood mealDilutionEndectocideIvermectinMidgutPlasmaSugarSurvival

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Area of Science:

  • Entomology
  • Parasitology
  • Vector Control

Background:

  • Mass endectocide/ectocide treatments are proposed for malaria vector control.
  • This study provides guidance for in vitro experiments and identifies biological considerations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of different diets on mosquito mortality after ingesting ivermectin.
  • To assess ivermectin's impact on mosquito survival when ingested via blood or plasma meals.
  • To quantify ivermectin concentration in mosquito midguts versus blood meals.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments using ivermectin with Anopheles dirus and Anopheles minimus.
  • Assessed mosquito mortality with varying ivermectin-spiked diets (sucrose, multivitamin, mix).
  • Analyzed ivermectin concentration in mosquito midguts using LC-MS/MS.

Main Results:

  • The Multivitamin diet increased An. dirus LC50; Sucrose diet reduced control survival.
  • Ivermectin mortality response varied between blood and plasma meals for An. dirus and An. minimus.
  • Approximately 20% ivermectin loss occurred in the mosquito midgut compared to the blood meal.

Conclusions:

  • The Mix diet minimizes control mosquito mortality without affecting ivermectin's impact on mosquito survival.
  • Ivermectin concentration in the mosquito midgut was lower than in the blood meal, suggesting excretion.
  • Further research is needed to understand the biological phenomenon of ivermectin excretion during feeding.