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Medial temporal lobe lesions reduce visual working memory precision.

Yoojeong Choo1, Sanikaa P Thakurdesai1, Asbah Qadri1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

Brain : a Journal of Neurology
|October 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Medial temporal lobe (MTL) lesions, particularly in the hippocampus, impair visual working memory (VWM) precision, affecting recall quality. Broader brain damage impacts VWM quantity, challenging unitary memory strength models.

Keywords:
hippocampusmedial temporal lobeprecisionqualityvisual working memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Classic studies suggested limited medial temporal lobe (MTL) involvement in visual working memory (VWM).
  • Recent evidence implicates the MTL, especially the hippocampus, in enhancing VWM precision.
  • The role of the MTL in VWM quantity versus quality remains debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific impact of MTL lesions on VWM quality and quantity.
  • To differentiate the roles of hippocampal versus non-hippocampal MTL damage in VWM.
  • To challenge models positing a single memory strength metric for VWM.

Main Methods:

  • Examined VWM recall performance in 40 epilepsy patients before and after surgery.
  • Utilized a controlled VWM task with fixed set size.
  • Modeled recall responses to estimate VWM precision (variability) and recall success rate (quantity).
  • Performed voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping.

Main Results:

  • Hippocampal lesions significantly increased VWM recall variability (reduced precision).
  • Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping confirmed the association between hippocampal damage and reduced VWM precision.
  • Total lesion volume, not hippocampal extent, predicted reduced recall success rate (quantity).

Conclusions:

  • The MTL, particularly the hippocampus, is crucial for VWM precision (fidelity of representations).
  • VWM quality and quantity are dissociable and not solely determined by a unitary memory strength.
  • VWM precision serves as a sensitive marker for memory impairment.