Beyond the Label: Inconsistencies in AREDS2 Eye Supplements and a Call for Standardisation

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains a major cause of vision impairment among older adults globally. While treatment exists for the more aggressive, exudative form, options for managing nonexudative AMD are limited. One of the few interventions with scientific backing is the AREDS2 micronutrient formula, which has demonstrated an ability to slow disease progression in patients with intermediate AMD.This investigation set out to systematically assess over-the-counter supplements in the UK that are promoted for macular support, measuring how closely their contents align with the evidence-based AREDS2 formulation.

Products marketed as beneficial for AMD were collected and analyzed. Their labeled ingredients and dosages were directly compared with the standardized nutrient profile outlined in the AREDS2 clinical trials.

The analysis revealed that most commercially available supplements deviated markedly from the AREDS2 formula. On average, vitamin C levels were 52.3% lower than recommended, vitamin E levels were 61.2% lower, and zinc content was reduced by 40.1%. Only a small subset of products fully matched both the composition and dosage of the reference formulation.

These findings highlight a significant gap between marketed claims and clinical evidence. Most supplements do not meet the established AREDS2 standards, potentially limiting their efficacy. Some were promoted specifically for AMD, while others used general "macular health" claims, adding to patient confusion. This inconsistency underscores the need for regulatory measures to enforce standardized labeling and formulation requirements to ensure informed clinical recommendations.