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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

The Impact of Motor Task Conditions on Goal-Directed Arm Reaching Kinematics and Trunk Compensation in Chronic Stroke Survivors
Published on: May 2, 2021
Self-efficacy and pre-stroke activity/participation combined with functional independence best explain mobility
Elizângela Kuster1, Cíntia H Santuzzi1, Thaciany B Correia1
1CAMINHAR, Center of Health Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Discipline of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.
Background:
The contribution of personal and environmental factors to loss of mobility after stroke is unknown.
Objectives:
To characterize the level of mobility after stroke and the amount of stroke-induced mobility limitations, and to estimate the magnitude of the contribution of activity limitations and contextual factors to mobility loss.
Methods:
Cross-sectional, exploratory study. The outcomes of interest were mobility limitations and stroke-induced mobility limitations. The independent variables were: age, self-efficacy, social support, pre-stroke activity/participation, functional independence, pre-stroke environmental factors, post-stroke depression and cognition.
Results:
A total of 209 participants (114 women) recently diagnosed with stroke ( < 7 days), with a mean age of 65 years (SD 12) were included. Mobility was 70 points out of 120 (SD 28) pre-stroke, and 32 points (SD 26) after stroke (stroke-induced mobility = 38 points; 95% CI 34 to 43). Age, self-efficacy and pre-stroke activity/participation combined with functional independence explained 57% of the variance in mobility limitations. In addition, self-efficacy and pre-stroke activity/participation combined with functional independence explained 36% of the variance in mobility limitations due to stroke.
Conclusions:
Mobility was reduced prior to stroke, and stroke-induced mobility contributed to 30% additional loss immediately after stroke. Self-efficacy and pre-stroke activity/participation combined with functional independence best explained mobility limitations after stroke.
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