Molecular mechanisms of propolis in adipogenesis, lipid metabolism and white adipose tissue Browning: a systematic review of preclinical studies

Imam Megantara ^1,2, Putri Karisa ³, Wahana Inova Pakpahan ⁴

⁰Microbiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.

Adipocyte +

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October 18, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

Propolis, a natural bee product, shows potential for obesity management by promoting white adipose tissue (WAT) browning. Preclinical studies suggest propolis regulates fat metabolism and adipogenesis, but clinical trials are needed.

Area Of Science

Metabolic Health
Obesity Management
Adipose Tissue Biology

Background

White adipose tissue (WAT) browning is a key strategy for enhancing energy expenditure and improving metabolic health.
Propolis, a bee-derived resin, contains bioactive compounds with potential anti-obesity effects.
Understanding propolis's molecular mechanisms in adipogenesis and WAT browning is crucial.

Purpose Of The Study

To systematically review preclinical evidence on how propolis and its compounds affect adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and WAT browning.
To synthesize findings from in vitro and animal studies.
To identify molecular targets regulated by propolis.

Main Methods

Systematic literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar.
Inclusion of preclinical (in vitro and animal) studies.
Analysis of studies investigating propolis's effects on adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and browning markers.

Main Results

Propolis and its compounds modulate adipogenic transcription factors and reduce lipid accumulation.
Increased expression of WAT browning markers was observed in cellular and animal models.
In vivo studies showed reduced body weight, fat accumulation, and increased thermogenesis.

Conclusions

Preclinical data suggest propolis influences adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and WAT browning.
Bioactive compounds in propolis may offer a novel approach to obesity management.
Further clinical trials are required to validate these findings and establish translational recommendations.

Keywords:

AT browning Adipogenesis lipid metabolism obesity propolis