Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

51.1K
Overview
51.1K
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

32.7K
Overview
32.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

S2k Guideline Diagnosis and Assessment of Lung Disease Caused by Occupational Silica Dust Exposure (Silicosis) - Clinical Practice Guidelines published by the German Respiratory Society (DGP).

Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases·2026
Same author

Occupational Respiratory Allergy Caused by Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus).

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice·2026
Same author

Assessment of Dried Plasma Spots (DPS) as an Appropriate Sample Matrix for the Measurement of Circulating Calretinin, a Biomarker for Mesothelioma-A Proof-Of-Concept Study.

Journal of clinical laboratory analysis·2026
Same author

Proteomic analysis of horse hair extracts provides no evidence for the existence of a hypoallergenic Curly Horse breed.

Clinical and translational allergy·2026
Same author

Occupational Asthma Without Nonspecific Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness.

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice·2026
Same author

Occupational IgE-mediated respiratory allergy to shikakai powder.

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Dynamic Monitoring of Seroconversion using a Multianalyte Immunobead Assay for Covid-19
08:48

Dynamic Monitoring of Seroconversion using a Multianalyte Immunobead Assay for Covid-19

Published on: February 16, 2022

3.3K

SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels and Infections in Multiple Vaccinated Employees Over Time.

Ingrid Sander1, Sabine Kespohl1, Alexandra Beine1

  • 1Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany.

Journal of Medical Virology
|October 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins increase with vaccination or infection, but Omicron variant antibodies have lower levels and shorter half-lives, leading to breakthrough infections. This highlights the need for updated COVID-19 vaccines.

Keywords:
OmicronSARS‐CoV‐2 vaccinationantibody levelshalf‐life of specific IgGnucleocapsidspike

More Related Videos

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection
10:25

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection

Published on: June 5, 2021

5.1K
Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research
06:08

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

Published on: September 8, 2023

1.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Dynamic Monitoring of Seroconversion using a Multianalyte Immunobead Assay for Covid-19
08:48

Dynamic Monitoring of Seroconversion using a Multianalyte Immunobead Assay for Covid-19

Published on: February 16, 2022

3.3K
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection
10:25

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection

Published on: June 5, 2021

5.1K
Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research
06:08

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

Published on: September 8, 2023

1.6K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Understanding the long-term humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for vaccine efficacy and public health strategies.
  • Previous studies have focused on shorter timeframes and may not fully capture the impact of repeated vaccinations and evolving variants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To monitor the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 proteins over three years.
  • To compare IgG antibody levels and half-lives against Wuhan and Omicron variants following vaccination or infection.
  • To investigate the effectiveness of nucleocapsid IgG assays in detecting infections within a vaccinated cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study analyzing 1223 serum samples from 126 participants over three years.
  • Quantitative immunoassays measuring IgG levels against Wuhan and Omicron spike-S1 and nucleocapsid proteins, traceable to international units.
  • Euroimmun-N-test used for nucleocapsid IgG positivity; antibody half-lives calculated based on questionnaire data.

Main Results:

  • Antibody levels and half-lives against both Wuhan and Omicron spike-S1 proteins significantly increased with each vaccination or infection.
  • IgG against the Wuhan variant was approximately three times higher than against the Omicron variant.
  • Antibody half-lives for the Wuhan variant were significantly longer than for the Omicron variant.
  • Two-thirds of the cohort reported infections; nucleocapsid IgG assays detected infections with 70-83% sensitivity.
  • Anti-nucleocapsid IgG levels post-infection were lower in vaccinated individuals compared to unvaccinated individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Repeated vaccinations and infections lead to increased spike-specific IgG antibody levels.
  • Lower antibody concentrations and reduced half-lives against the Omicron variant contribute to breakthrough infections despite vaccination.
  • The findings underscore the challenge posed by variant evolution to sustained immunity and the potential need for variant-specific or updated vaccines.