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Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in experimentally infected bats.

A J Main

    Journal of Wildlife Diseases
    |July 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Colonial bats can carry eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EIEV) during hibernation and in summer colonies. Virus detection in hibernating bats was irregular, potentially influenced by arousal during sampling.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Virology
    • Arbovirology
    • Mammalian Disease Ecology

    Background:

    • Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EIEV) is a significant arbovirus with potential zoonotic implications.
    • Bats are known reservoirs for various viruses, but their role in EIEV transmission requires further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the susceptibility of colonial bats (Myotis spp. and Eptesicus sp.) to EIEV infection.
    • To determine viral persistence, target organs, and potential transmission routes in bats under simulated natural conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Bats were inoculated subcutaneously or exposed to infected mosquitoes with EIEV.
    • Infection dynamics were studied in bats housed in simulated hibernacula and summer colonies.
    • Virus presence in blood and tissues, and antibody response, were monitored over 42 days.

    Main Results:

    • EIEV was detected in hibernating bats' blood irregularly over 42 days, with viremia possibly affected by arousal.
    • Target organs in hibernating bats included brown fat, spleen, lung, kidneys, pancreas, and liver.
    • Non-hibernating bats showed virus in mammary glands, brown fat, pancreas, lungs, kidneys, liver, and blood; no neutralizing antibodies were detected.
    • Oral bat infection and transmission to suckling mice via bat bites were unsuccessful.
    • EIEV was transmitted from chickens to Eptesicus fuscus via mosquito bites (Culiseta melanura and Aedes aegypti).

    Conclusions:

    • Colonial bats can harbor EIEV, particularly in brown fat and other organs, with irregular viremia during hibernation.
    • Bats do not appear to be a significant transmission route for EIEV to other mammals or potentially to humans.
    • Mosquitoes remain a primary vector for EIEV transmission to bats and potentially other hosts.

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