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Multi-objective optimization framework for prioritizing lead service line replacement in water distribution systems.

Matthew Frankel1, Ahmed A Abokifa2, Lina Sela1

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Water utilities must replace lead service lines (LSLs) to reduce lead exposure. A new framework helps prioritize replacements based on lead levels, vulnerability, and location, ensuring compliance and utility goals.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Public Health
  • Water Resource Management

Background:

  • Lead service line (LSL) replacement is crucial for reducing lead in drinking water.
  • U.S. Lead and Copper Rule mandates LSL replacement within 10 years, prioritizing vulnerable populations.
  • Water utilities face challenges in balancing diverse replacement priorities and regulatory compliance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a multi-objective optimization decision framework for developing compliant LSL replacement plans.
  • To incorporate utility-specific objectives alongside regulatory requirements.
  • To enable evaluation of trade-offs among competing priorities like lead levels, socioeconomic vulnerability, and geography.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a multi-objective optimization decision framework.
  • Generated a set of strategies for evaluating trade-offs.
  • Applied the framework using publicly available data from Flint, MI.

Main Results:

  • The framework produces a set of strategies for LSL replacement.
  • It allows for comparison of trade-offs between different replacement priorities.
  • Demonstrated application using data from Flint, MI.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed framework is general, flexible, and adaptable for utility-specific conditions.
  • It supports the development of compliant and tailored LSL replacement strategies.
  • Offers a foundation for data-driven tools to aid water utilities facing regulatory pressures.