[Gliomas in adolescents and young adults: Institutional experience]

Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors, characterized by high morbidity and mortality. In adolescents and young adults (AYA), their behavior is intermediate between pediatric and older adult gliomas. However, this population is underrepresented in clinical studies. This study analyzes the clinical, molecular, and therapeutic characteristics of AYA patients with gliomas at our institution.

A descriptive, observational, and retrospective study was conducted on AYA patients with gliomas treated at the Ángel H. Roffo Oncology Institute (2018-2025), diagnosed according to the 2021 WHO classification. Clinical, histopathological, and molecular data were collected. Chi-square tests, non-parametric tests (p<0.05), Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and Cox regression were used to assess associations and overall survival.

A total of 26 patients were included (median age: 31 years, 69% male). A significant association was found between 1p19q co-deletion and chemotherapy regimen (p=0.0175). TP53 expression correlated with histological subtype and Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scale (p=0.0001). The median overall survival was 94.2 months. No significant differences were observed in survival based on isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation status or tumor grade.

The findings reinforce the impact of molecular biology on therapeutic decision-making in AYA gliomas. The correlation between TP53 expression and KPS suggests a potential role in tumor aggressiveness. Larger cohort studies are needed to enhance precision medicine for this population.