Zein as a basis of green plastic materials: Modifications, applications, and processing

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Polymer Chemistry
• Sustainable Materials

Background:

• Corn processing for bioethanol yields zein, a hydrophobic protein abundant in corn.
• Zein is a viable alternative to petroleum-based plastics due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and low cost.
• Zein's hydrophobicity and thermoplasticity facilitate processing compared to other proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the applications of zein-based materials in the plastic industry.
• To discuss processing techniques for zein-based plastics.
• To identify challenges and opportunities for zein-based material development.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of zein applications and processing.
• Analysis of zein's properties relevant to plastic materials.
• Identification of current commercial uses and limitations of zein-based products.

Main Results:

• Zein is utilized in films, coatings, fibre mats, and adhesives for food, pharmaceutical, and medical sectors.
• Processing methods include extrusion, injection moulding, electrospinning, solvent casting, and 3D printing.
• Commercial applications exist in coatings, films, binders, packaging, and textiles.

Conclusions:

• Zein-based materials present a sustainable alternative to conventional plastics.
• Improving zein's mechanical properties (strength, brittleness) and stability is crucial for expanding its applications.
• Overcoming current limitations will enhance zein's role in a more sustainable plastic industry.