First record and vital statistics of Triatoma longipennis (Heteroptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) from Southern Mexico

Several insect species exist beyond their native habitats, some classified as invasive alien species (IAS), which can affect human health by carrying parasites and causing disease. These include vectors of vector-borne diseases, such as American trypanosomiasis, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, a major vector-borne disease primarily affecting the Americas. Mexico ranks third in the number of individuals infected with T. cruzi. Among the 35 Mexican triatomine species, Triatoma longipennis is notably significant. The presence of T. longipennis is reported for the first time in Southern Mexico, specifically in the state of Guerrero, outside its usual distribution areas. To assess the potential impact of these T. longipennis populations, several biological parameters were evaluated, including egg-to-adult development time, mortality rates, and feeding and defecation behaviors for each instar. No significant (p > 0.05) differences were noted in the primary parameters studied across both populations. Four parameters (the number of blood meals at each nymphal instar (8 vs 9 meals), the median time-lapse for beginning of feeding (immediate "attack"), feeding times (durations exceeding 15 min), and defecation timing (during or immediately after feeding; >50 %) - align with those of an effective T. cruzi transmitter. These findings suggest that the T. longipennis populations could serve as significant potential vectors of T. cruzi to human populations. As T. longipennis appears to be undergoing range expansion in Mexico, increased surveillance is necessary, particularly in regions susceptible to invasion and successful establishment due to favorable ecological conditions.