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Toward developing more effective screening questionnaires for obstructive sleep apnoea: a conceptual model and

Viktória Molnár1, András Molnár2, László Tamás3,4

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Updated questionnaires can improve obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) screening. Key factors like sex, BMI, age, and GERD are vital for identifying OSA, a common yet underdiagnosed condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is increasingly prevalent and often underdiagnosed.
  • Current screening questionnaires for OSA are outdated, necessitating updates.
  • Understanding contributing factors to OSA is crucial for effective screening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify key factors contributing to the development of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).
  • To inform the development of updated, more effective screening questionnaires for OSA.
  • To analyze the complex relationships between OSA, sleep quality, and quality of life.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 911 patients completed a self-designed questionnaire assessing OSA risk factors, comorbidities, sleep quality, and lifestyle.
  • Polysomnography was used for objective OSA severity assessment.
  • Partial least squares regression analyzed relationships between contributing factors and perceived OSA symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Sex, body mass index (BMI), age, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) significantly influence OSA development.
  • A predictive model achieved 91.87% accuracy in distinguishing OSA patients, with high sensitivity (78.2%) and specificity (96.5%).
  • The relationship between sleep quality, quality of life, and OSA is complex and varies between OSA and non-OSA individuals.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights the need for updated OSA screening tools incorporating factors like sex, BMI, age, and GERD.
  • A two-step question format is proposed for enhanced questionnaire efficacy.
  • More targeted and effective OSA screening questionnaires can be developed based on these findings.