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Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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Chirality02:25

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
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DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
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¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons00:58

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Replacing each alpha-hydrogen in chloroethane by bromine (or a different functional group) yields a pair of enantiomers. Such protons are called prochiral or enantiotopic and are related by a mirror plane. Enantiotopic protons are chemically equivalent in an achiral environment. Because most proton NMR spectra are recorded using achiral solvents, enantiotopic hydrogens yield a single signal.
In chiral compounds such as 2-butanol, replacing the methylene hydrogens at C3 produces a pair of...
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A Micropatterning Assay for Measuring Cell Chirality
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Probing Vector Chirality in the Early Universe.

Junsup Shim1, Ue-Li Pen1,2,3,4,5,6, Hao-Ran Yu7

  • 1Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA), No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.

Physical Review Letters
|October 19, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primordial vector fossils

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmology
  • Astrophysics
  • Particle Physics

Background:

  • Parity symmetry is a fundamental concept in physics.
  • Primordial vector fossils are relics from the early universe.
  • Galaxy spins may hold clues to early universe physics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test parity symmetry of primordial vector fossils using late-time galaxy spins.
  • To investigate the detectability of parity violation effects.
  • To explore the survival of primordial asymmetry through cosmic evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing N-body simulations to model cosmic structure formation.
  • Analyzing halo spins as a proxy for galaxy spins.
  • Developing novel initial conditions with parity asymmetry.
  • Constructing and analyzing initial and late-time spin fields.

Main Results:

  • A substantial asymmetry was detected in the initial spin field.
  • Over 50% of initial spin asymmetry persists in late-time halo spins.
  • A maximum detection significance of 13σ is forecast with DESI BGS.

Conclusions:

  • Primordial vectorial parity violation survives nonlinear gravitational evolution.
  • Galaxy spins at late times are effective probes of this violation.
  • This study opens new avenues for testing fundamental physics with cosmological observations.