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Pontus-Mpemba Effects.

Andrea Nava1, Reinhold Egger1

  • 1Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Institut für Theoretische Physik, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.

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This summary is machine-generated.

The Mpemba effect, where hotter water freezes faster, is generalized. A new protocol, the Pontus-Mpemba effect, applies to any system, classical or quantum, revealing three distinct effect classes.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Non-equilibrium Physics

Background:

  • The Mpemba effect describes the counterintuitive phenomenon where hotter initial states can exhibit faster relaxation to a target state compared to colder initial states.
  • Existing definitions often rely on specific parameter distances and are limited in scope.
  • Aristotle's observations of fishermen's practices inspired a novel approach to understanding this effect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a generalized framework, the Pontus-Mpemba effect, for studying relaxation dynamics.
  • To extend the concept beyond simple temperature differences to arbitrary non-equilibrium initial states.
  • To classify all possible manifestations of this generalized effect.

Main Methods:

  • A two-step protocol is proposed, encompassing system preparation in a 'far' non-equilibrium state and subsequent relaxation.
  • The protocol is designed to be independent of specific parameter distance metrics.
  • The theory is applied to and illustrated using open Markovian two-state quantum systems.

Main Results:

  • The generalized Pontus-Mpemba effect is shown to encompass all possible relaxation scenarios.
  • All observed Pontus-Mpemba effects are categorized into three fundamental classes.
  • The study provides a theoretical framework applicable to both classical and quantum systems.

Conclusions:

  • The Pontus-Mpemba effect offers a universal approach to understanding anomalous relaxation dynamics.
  • The three-class categorization provides a comprehensive understanding of these phenomena.
  • This generalized framework has broad implications for various fields, including quantum thermodynamics.