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Related Concept Videos

Ethical Issues01:27

Ethical Issues

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Nurses are essential in patient care, upholding the ethical principles of their profession and effectively navigating ethical dilemmas. Neglecting ethical issues can lead to inadequate patient care, compromised therapeutic relationships, and moral distress among healthcare workers.
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Ethical Dilemmas II01:30

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Resolving an ethical dilemma in healthcare involves a systematic approach that considers every aspect of the issue, respecting both the patient's needs and values and the healthcare professional's ethical obligations. Here are potential steps to resolve an ethical dilemma:
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Ethical principles are essential in guiding nurses to fulfill their responsibilities, focusing on the quality of nursing care and decision-making. These principles, including autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and fidelity, shape the ethical framework within healthcare settings.
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Psychosurgery01:30

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Standards of Care II01:19

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Ethical Dilemmas I01:17

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Ethical dilemmas in nursing are of utmost importance, as they often arise from the tension between adhering to core ethical principles and the practical realities of healthcare delivery. These dilemmas require nurses to navigate complex situations where competing ethical considerations pull them in different directions.
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Related Experiment Video

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Assessing Surgeons' Professional Attitudes Toward End-of-Life Decision Making: A Standardized Simulation-Based Study

Maria Mahmood1, Muhammad Umair2, Dale Whelehan1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

Journal of Surgical Education
|October 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Surgeons

Keywords:
end-of-life decision-makingnontechnical skillspalliative communicationsimulation-based assessmentsurgeons

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Surgical Decision-Making
  • Palliative Care

Background:

  • Clinical decision-making in end-of-life (EOL) situations is complex.
  • Limited palliative care training exists for surgical EOL decisions.
  • Surgeons sometimes perform non-beneficial or overly curative surgeries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore end-of-life (EOL) decision-making as a potential Entrustable Professional Activity (EPA).
  • To quantitatively assess surgeons' ability to identify when palliative care is optimal.
  • To avoid inappropriate surgical interventions in EOL scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • A standardized survey was distributed to surgical practitioners of varying experience levels.
  • Responses to clinical vignettes were statistically analyzed.
  • Decision-making was compared between junior (SHOs, registrars) and senior (consultants) surgeons.

Main Results:

  • 70% of respondents completed the survey.
  • Significant differences in decision-making were observed in 2 of 3 vignettes.
  • Consultants were better at identifying palliative situations earlier than registrars (p=0.03).
  • Registrars outperformed SHOs in a complex abdominal pathology scenario (p=0.03).

Conclusions:

  • High-level decision-making skills can be assessed using structured clinical scenarios.
  • Simulated scenarios reveal differences in EOL management between surgical registrars and consultants.
  • This study provides a foundation for developing a summative assessment tool for surgical EOL decision-making, a previously unrecognized EPA.