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Related Concept Videos

Sensory Memory01:14

Sensory Memory

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Sensory memory captures information from the environment in its original form for a very brief duration, just long enough to be exposed to visual, auditory, and other senses. This type of memory is detailed and rich but quickly lost unless certain strategies are employed to transfer it into short-term or long-term memory. Sensory information is continuously bombarding the human brain, yet only a small fraction is absorbed, as most of it does not significantly impact daily life. For instance,...
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Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the...
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Sensory Modalities01:15

Sensory Modalities

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Sensation typically is the process by which the sensory receptors and sense organs detect stimuli from the internal and external environment and transmit this information to the central nervous system for processing.
General senses refer to the broad category of sensory information detected by receptors in the body and can be further grouped into somatic and visceral senses. Somatic sensations include touch, pressure, temperature, and pain and are essential for navigating our environment and...
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What is a Sensory System?01:31

What is a Sensory System?

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Sensory systems detect stimuli—such as light and sound waves—and transduce them into neural signals that can be interpreted by the nervous system. In addition to external stimuli detected by the senses, some sensory systems detect internal stimuli—such as the proprioceptors in muscles and tendons that send feedback about limb position.
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Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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A Framework for Sensory-to-Memory Weighting During Navigation.

Nikita M Finger1,2, Davi C Drieskens1, Cynthia F Moss1,2,3,4,5

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Krieger School for Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|October 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study proposes a new framework for understanding navigation, viewing it as a dynamic continuum between sensory input and memory reliance. Bats exemplify this, showing how sensory information and spatial memory shift based on context and task demands.

Keywords:
behavior | big brown bat | echolocation | Egyptian fruit bat | long‐term memory | prior experience | working memory

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Neuroscience
  • Animal Cognition

Background:

  • Real-world navigation integrates immediate sensory data with stored spatial knowledge.
  • Existing models often categorize navigation as solely sensory-driven or memory-based.
  • A dynamic interplay between sensory and memory processes is crucial for effective path selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a theoretical framework conceptualizing navigation along a dynamic sensory-to-memory continuum.
  • To highlight the role of working memory as a mediator between sensory and memory reliance.
  • To use bats as a model system for exploring this continuum due to their multimodal sensory capabilities and memory use.

Main Methods:

  • Literature survey of bat sensing and navigation strategies.
  • Development of a theoretical framework based on existing research.
  • Analysis of bat sonar modulation as a quantifiable measure of sensory acquisition.

Main Results:

  • Navigational strategies exist on a fluid continuum, not as distinct categories.
  • The relative weighting of sensory signals and spatial memory dynamically shifts.
  • Factors influencing this shift include task demands, environmental context, experience, and species adaptations.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed sensory-to-memory framework provides a new perspective on navigation dynamics.
  • Bats serve as an excellent model for studying the interplay of senses and memory in navigation.
  • This working model requires further empirical testing across diverse species for refinement.