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The Janzen-Connell hypothesis and seed masting.

T Jonathan Davies1, Janneke Hille Ris Lambers2, E M Wolkovich3

  • 1Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

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|October 19, 2025
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Summary

The Janzen-Connell hypothesis and seed masting both promote tropical tree diversity by helping seeds escape natural enemies. Considering these mechanisms together offers a more complete understanding of their fitness advantages.

Keywords:
coexistencedensity dependencedispersalpredator satiation

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Botany

Background:

  • The Janzen-Connell hypothesis explains tropical tree diversity through density-dependent mortality caused by natural enemies.
  • Seed masting, characterized by synchronized, infrequent reproduction, may reduce seed predation via predator satiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between the Janzen-Connell effect and seed masting as mechanisms for maintaining tropical tree diversity.
  • To investigate how these two distinct ecological dynamics, space-based and time-based enemy escape, contribute to individual fitness.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis integrating the Janzen-Connell hypothesis with the predator-satiation model of seed masting.
  • Examination of the underlying assumptions of both models regarding seed mortality and natural enemies.

Main Results:

  • Both Janzen-Connell dynamics and seed masting rely on the principle of escaping natural enemies, albeit through different strategies (spatial vs. temporal).
  • Despite contrasting ecological dynamics, both models share the assumption that natural enemies limit tree recruitment by increasing seed mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating the Janzen-Connell effect and seed masting provides a more comprehensive understanding of their individual fitness benefits.
  • Considering both spatial (Janzen-Connell) and temporal (masting) escape mechanisms together is crucial for a holistic view of tropical tree diversity maintenance.