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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
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Euscaphic Acid from Rosa roxburghii Tratt Exerts Anti-colorectal Cancer Activity by Inducing Mitochondrial Apoptosis

Mao-Yu Zhang1,2,3, Bo-Wen Zhai1,2,3, Han Huang1,2,3

  • 1Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.

Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine
|October 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Euscaphic acid (EA) from Rosa roxburghii Tratt inhibits colorectal cancer (CRC) growth by inducing apoptosis via the ROS/MAPK pathway. This study highlights EA

Keywords:
Rosa roxburghii Trattcolorectal cancereuscaphic acidmitochondrial apoptosisreactive oxygen species/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Molecular Biology
  • Natural Products Chemistry
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health challenge.
  • Natural compounds offer potential therapeutic avenues for cancer treatment.
  • Rosa roxburghii Tratt (RRT) is a plant source of bioactive triterpenes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) activity of euscaphic acid (EA).
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying EA's anti-CRC effects.
  • To evaluate EA's efficacy both in vitro and in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and virtual screening of EA from RRT.
  • In vitro studies using HCT116 and CT26 CRC cell lines.
  • In vivo experiments utilizing a CT26 syngeneic tumor mouse model.
  • Western blot analysis of mitochondrial apoptosis and ROS/MAPK signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • EA significantly inhibited CRC cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro.
  • EA suppressed tumor growth in a murine CRC model.
  • EA induced apoptosis by decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential and activating caspases.
  • EA promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and activated the MAPK signaling pathway, particularly ERK.
  • The effects of EA were reversed by N-acetylcysteine, confirming the role of ROS.

Conclusions:

  • Euscaphic acid exhibits potent anti-CRC activity both in vitro and in vivo.
  • EA induces apoptosis in CRC cells via the ROS/MAPK signaling pathway and mitochondrial dysfunction.
  • Triterpene acids from RRT demonstrate significant antitumor potential for colorectal cancer.