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Related Concept Videos

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

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The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
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Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

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The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
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Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Monitoring Local Chromatin Dynamics Regulated by SMC Complexes in Fission Yeast.

Yasutaka Kakui1

  • 1Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan. y.kakui2@kurenai.waseda.jp.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|October 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a new method to track chromatin fiber dynamics in fission yeast using the LacO/LacI system. This technique allows researchers to understand how condensin influences genome organization and chromosome structure.

Keywords:
Brownian motionChromatinChromosome condensationCondensinMean squared displacement (MSD)Particle tracking

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) complexes are vital for genome organization during the cell cycle.
  • Condensin, an SMC complex, shapes mitotic chromosomes by constraining chromatin fiber dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high-resolution method for monitoring chromatin fiber dynamics.
  • To investigate the physical properties of chromatin fiber and the role of condensin.

Main Methods:

  • A step-by-step protocol using the LacO/LacI system in fission yeast to visualize chromatin loci dynamics.
  • Determination of the physical properties of chromatin fiber based on recorded dynamics.

Main Results:

  • The protocol enables high temporal and spatial resolution monitoring of chromatin locus mobility.
  • The method is effective for studying chromatin fiber dynamics and particle tracking in living cells.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method provides a valuable tool for understanding genome architecture and chromosome condensation.
  • This technique can be broadly applied to study various dynamic processes within living cells.