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Immuno-RAFT Fluorescence Array Sensing for High-Throughput Analysis of CD81 Protein
Nan Ma1, Yuhui Zhang1, Wei Li1
1School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, P. R. China.
Analytical Chemistry
|October 20, 2025
Summary
A novel fluorescence array using immunosorbent reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (immuno-RAFT) offers sensitive detection of CD81 protein for preeclampsia diagnosis. This biosensor method enhances signal amplification for complex clinical samples.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Analytical Chemistry
- Clinical Diagnostics
Background:
- Preeclampsia diagnosis relies on biomarkers like CD81 protein, but traditional methods lack sensitivity for early detection.
- Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is widely used but has limitations in signal amplification for low-concentration analytes.
- Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization offers robust signal amplification potential for biosensing applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a highly sensitive fluorescence array for quantitative detection of CD81 protein using immuno-RAFT signal amplification.
- To integrate ELISA's operational efficiency with RAFT's amplification capabilities for improved biomarker detection.
- To validate the method's performance in complex clinical samples, including serum and artificial urine.
Main Methods:
- Development of a fluorescence array incorporating immunosorbent reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (immuno-RAFT) for CD81 detection.
- Optimization of the RAFT solution with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) catalyst and piperine to enhance fluorescence signals.
- Characterization of the fluorescent polymers using particle size analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Main Results:
- The immuno-RAFT fluorescence array demonstrated high sensitivity and quantitative detection of low-concentration CD81 protein.
- The system showed a strong correlation between fluorescence intensity and protein concentration, with excellent anti-interference capabilities.
- Formed fluorescent polymers exhibited uniform network structures, confirming the signal amplification mechanism and long-term stability (>95% signal retention after 7 days).
Conclusions:
- The developed immuno-RAFT fluorescence array sensing method overcomes limitations of traditional techniques for CD81 detection.
- This advanced biosensor offers practical application for analyzing complex clinical samples and diagnosing preeclampsia.
- The method shows potential for detecting other protein biomarkers, advancing clinical diagnostics and disease management.
