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Gout is rising globally, with environmental factors like air pollution and heavy metals contributing to risk. This review explores these environmental links and identifies areas needing further research.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Gout prevalence is increasing worldwide.
  • While genetics and diet are known factors, environmental exposures are emerging as significant contributors to gout development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence linking environmental exposures to gout risk.
  • To summarize potential pathophysiologic mechanisms.
  • To identify knowledge gaps in environmental gout research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on environmental risk factors for gout.
  • Analysis of pathophysiologic pathways connecting environmental exposures to gout.
  • Identification of underexplored research areas.

Main Results:

  • Environmental factors such as air pollution, ambient temperature, and heavy metal water contamination are linked to increased gout risk.
  • Ultraprocessed food consumption is also highlighted as a dietary factor.
  • The interplay between chronic kidney disease, gout, and climate change is noted.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental factors play a significant role in the rising incidence of gout.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand and mitigate these environmental risks.
  • Addressing environmental exposures is crucial for public health strategies against gout.