Exploring the Neuropharmacological and Antipyretic Effects of Syzygium grande (Wight) Walp. Methanolic Leaf Extract:...

Syzygium grande (Wight) Walp., commonly known as the sea apple, is valued for its wide range of uses. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacological effects of a methanol extract obtained from the leaves of S. grande (MESG) in Swiss albino mice. The extract's anxiolytic potential was assessed using the elevated plus maze (EPM), hole-board test (HBT), and light-dark test (LDT). Its antidepressant activity was evaluated through the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). Sedative properties were measured using the open field test (OFT) and hole-cross test (HCT), while antipyretic activity was determined through a yeast-induced fever model. To identify active compounds in the extract, GC-MS/MS analysis was conducted. Additionally, computational approaches-including AutoDock Vina, Discovery Studio 2021, PASS online, and ADME/T platforms-were employed for PASS prediction analysis, ADME/T profiling, and molecular docking of various secondary metabolites. The findings indicated that MESG exhibited dose-dependent anxiolytic, antidepressant, sedative, and antipyretic effects. A 400 mg/kg dose significantly enhanced anxiolytic activity (p < 0.001) in all behavioral models. It also moderately reduced immobility in the FST and TST (p < 0.01). Furthermore, MESG significantly suppressed locomotor activity in the OFT and HCT (p < 0.001), indicating strong sedative action. The same dose effectively lowered rectal temperature in the fever model (p < 0.05). Computational docking scores, which ranged from -2.6 to -10 kcal/mol, further supported these biological effects. In conclusion, S. grande shows considerable promise as a source of therapeutic agents for treating anxiety, depression, insomnia, and fever.