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Aging-dependent immunological changes in multiple sclerosis.

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Aging significantly alters the immune system in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). This study reveals distinct immune aging patterns and inflammaging markers in pwMS, highlighting the need for age and immunosenescence monitoring in MS care.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neuroimmunology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease.
  • Increased life expectancy in people with MS (pwMS) necessitates understanding the impact of aging on their immune system (immunosenescence).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize immunosenescence in pwMS by analyzing age-related immune system changes.
  • To identify specific biomarkers of immune aging and neurodegeneration in pwMS.

Main Methods:

  • Blood samples from pwMS and healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed.
  • Immune cell populations (PBMCs), thymic involution, telomere attrition (DNA), and inflammatory/neurodegeneration markers (plasma) were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Distinct age-associated alterations in B and NK cells were observed in pwMS compared to HCs.
  • PwMS showed increased CD28-CD57+ and CD28+CD57+ T cells with age.
  • Age correlated positively with IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, and NFL levels in pwMS, indicating inflammaging and neurodegeneration. Notably, NFL levels correlated with IL-6 and TNF-α specifically in pwMS.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides a comprehensive, multi-biomarker characterization of immune aging in MS.
  • Findings reveal unique age-related immune alterations in pwMS.
  • Monitoring age and immunosenescence is crucial for MS clinical management and therapeutic strategies.