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Differences in predictive and prospective control strategies by batting skill level during an interception task.

Yu Sun¹, Dukchan Jang²

¹College of Physical Education and Health, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, China.

Frontiers in Psychology

|October 20, 2025

Summary

Expertise in visuomotor coordination improves interception of fast-moving objects by enhancing predictive control and online processing. Skilled individuals better utilize limited visual information and feedback for precise, timely responses.

Keywords:

expertise interception task predictive control prospective control visuomotor coordination

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Area of Science:

Motor Control
Visuomotor Processing
Expertise Research

Background:

Interception of fast-moving objects demands predictive control and real-time visuomotor processing.
The role of expertise in utilizing late trajectory information under restricted visibility is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate skill-level differences in visuomotor coordination.
To examine how expertise affects the use of limited trajectory information during interception tasks.

Main Methods:

Twenty participants (10 novices, 10 experts) performed a touchscreen interception task.
Varying stimulus velocities and visibility conditions (unhidden vs. hidden) were employed.
Eye and hand movement data were recorded to analyze gaze, motor accuracy, and eye-hand coordination.

Main Results:

Experts showed shorter saccadic latencies, longer gaze durations, and lower gaze error than novices.
Experts achieved greater hand accuracy, faster response times, and reduced timing/radial errors.
Enhanced eye-hand coupling (temporal and spatial) was observed in experts, especially under hidden conditions.

Conclusions:

Expertise improves the integration of perceptual and motor processes for precise, timely responses.
Skilled individuals more effectively process limited visual information and online feedback.
Effective perception-action coupling relies on flexible integration of predictive planning and online feedback.