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The Retina

The Retina

The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.

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Applying Hyperspectral Reflectance Imaging to Investigate the Palettes and the Techniques of Painters

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Retina Phantom Model for Hyperspectral Imaging.

Michelle D Bryarly^1,2, Minh Ha Tran^1,2, Arrsh Ali^1,2

¹Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX.

Proceedings of Spie--The International Society for Optical Engineering

|October 20, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel 3D-printed retinal phantom to accurately validate hyperspectral imaging cameras. This innovative model mimics the eye's optical properties, offering a reliable alternative to animal testing for eye disease research.

Keywords:

eye diseases hyperspectral imaging phantom model retina imaging topical endoscopic fundus imaging

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Last Updated: Jan 14, 2026

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Published on: June 18, 2021

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Published on: December 2, 2017

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Biomedical Engineering
Optical Imaging

Background:

Accurate retinal imaging is vital for preclinical eye disease research and diagnostics.
Existing imaging models struggle to replicate the eye's complex optical environment, limiting calibration and testing.
Current reliance on live animals raises ethical concerns and introduces result variability.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and develop a novel retinal phantom for validating spatial and spectral imaging properties.
To create a reliable, non-animal model for calibrating hyperspectral imaging cameras.
To simulate the optical characteristics of the rodent eye for research applications.

Main Methods:

A 3D-printed mouse retinal phantom was engineered to mimic ocular optical qualities.
Gelatin incorporating deoxygenated blood was used to simulate retinal vasculature (veins and arteries).
Topical endoscopic fundus imaging (TEFI) hyperspectral camera was employed for imaging the phantom.

Main Results:

The developed phantom demonstrated rich spatial and spectral details.
Oxygenation mapping of the simulated blood yielded reliable oxygenation rate estimations.
The phantom successfully replicated key optical and physiological properties of the retina.

Conclusions:

The 3D-printed retinal phantom serves as a valuable tool for validating hyperspectral imaging (HSI) cameras.
This model offers a reproducible and ethically sound alternative to animal models in ophthalmology research.
Future iterations can be developed to simulate various eye diseases and pathological conditions.