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Chaotic and quantum dynamics in driven-dissipative bosonic chains.

Filippo Ferrari1,2, Fabrizio Minganti1,2,3, Camille Aron1,4

  • 1Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.

Communications Physics
|October 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We explored spatial thermalization in driven quantum systems. A two-stage process was found: rapid phase loss followed by slow amplitude relaxation, creating a "prethermal" hydrodynamic regime.

Keywords:
Quantum physicsStatistical physics, thermodynamics and nonlinear dynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Many-Body Physics
  • Non-equilibrium Quantum Dynamics

Background:

  • Thermalization in quantum systems is typically studied over time, with less understanding of its spatial dynamics.
  • Driven-dissipative quantum systems, like those in circuit quantum electrodynamics, offer new platforms to study non-equilibrium phenomena.
  • Understanding spatial thermalization is crucial for controlling quantum many-body systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spatial aspect of thermalization in a driven Bose-Hubbard chain.
  • To probe the dynamical fingerprints of chaos in a non-equilibrium steady state (NESS).
  • To identify and characterize novel regimes of protracted spatial thermalization.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the truncated Wigner approximation to simulate the quantum system.
  • Employing semiclassical out-of-time-order correlators to detect chaos.
  • Analyzing the Bose-Hubbard model with coherent boundary driving and dissipation.

Main Results:

  • A two-stage spatial thermalization was observed: rapid loss of phase coherence near the drive and slower amplitude relaxation over longer distances.
  • An extended hydrodynamic regime with anomalous temperature profiles, termed a "prethermal" domain, was identified.
  • At stronger drives, a nonthermal, non-chaotic finite-momentum condensate with sub-Poissonian photon statistics emerged.

Conclusions:

  • Protracted spatial thermalization can occur in driven-dissipative quantum systems.
  • The identified
  • prethermal
  • regime and finite-momentum condensate represent novel non-equilibrium states.
  • Similar mechanisms of spatial thermalization may be relevant for a wide range of extended driven-dissipative systems.