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Heterocyclic π-linkers for reduced energy dissipation in symmetrical IDT-core-based non-fullerene acceptors: a route

Hina Naeem1, Tahani A Alrebdi2, Karrar Hazim Salem3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan rasheedahmadkhera@yahoo.com.

Nanoscale Advances
|October 20, 2025
PubMed

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The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
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