Ovarian aging: pathophysiology and recent developments in maintaining ovarian reserve

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Biology
• Endocrinology
• Gerontology

Background:

• Infertility affects millions globally, with ovarian aging a major cause of female infertility.
• Ovarian aging involves follicle depletion and functional decline, influenced by genetics, hormones, and oxidative stress.
• This process has significant socioeconomic impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the biological mechanisms underlying ovarian aging.
• To evaluate current and emerging therapeutic strategies for ovarian aging.
• To identify methods for preserving ovarian function and extending reproductive lifespan.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of biological mechanisms of ovarian aging.
• Evaluation of recent advancements in therapeutic interventions.
• Analysis of fertility preservation techniques and future research directions.

Main Results:

• Ovarian aging is driven by genetic, hormonal, mitochondrial, and environmental factors.
• Promising therapies include antioxidant, mitochondria-targeted, and growth factor interventions.
• Fertility preservation methods like cryopreservation and in vitro follicle activation offer expanded options.

Conclusions:

• Emerging therapies show promise for maintaining ovarian reserve and prolonging reproductive lifespan.
• Personalized treatments, biomarkers, and integrative strategies are crucial.
• Further clinical trials are essential to validate efficacy and safety for clinical application.