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Comparative Analysis of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Registrations and Risk Factor Correlations in the UK (2022-24)
Sayan Bandyopadhyay1, Rittik Dey2, Prosenjit Chakraborty3
1General Medicine, Mother Multispeciality Hospital, Kolkata, IND.
Cureus
|October 20, 2025
Summary
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) registrations strongly correlate with younger age groups, while Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is linked to older age and socioeconomic deprivation. These distinct patterns highlight the need for tailored public health interventions for each diabetes type.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Diabetes Research
Background:
- Diabetes mellitus presents a significant global health challenge with increasing prevalence, complications, and healthcare costs.
- Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune condition primarily affecting younger populations, whereas Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is associated with lifestyle and socioeconomic factors in adults.
- Understanding demographic, socioeconomic, and ethnic correlations with T1D and T2D is crucial for developing targeted public health interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the correlations between key risk factors (age, socioeconomic deprivation, ethnicity) and T1D versus T2D registrations.
- To analyze these correlations across two recent audit periods (2022-23 and 2023-24) in the UK.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective observational study utilizing National Diabetes Audit (NDA) data from Q1 of 2022-23 and 2023-24.
- Data cleaning and standardization were performed on T1D and T2D registration records.
- Correlation matrices and difference heatmaps were generated using seaborn to analyze numeric variables including age bands, Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) quintiles, ethnicity percentages, and registration numbers.
Main Results:
- T1D registrations showed a strong positive correlation with the under-40 age group (r≈0.82-0.85) and a weak correlation with socioeconomic deprivation (r≈0.15-0.18).
- T2D registrations correlated most strongly with middle-aged and older adults (40-64: r≈0.73-0.75; 65-79: r≈0.65-0.68) and showed a strong association with the most deprived socioeconomic areas (r≈0.60-0.62).
- Ethnicity correlations indicated T1D was strongest in White patients (r≈0.82-0.85), while T2D had higher associations with Asian British (r≈0.45-0.47) and Black British (r≈0.40-0.42) populations. Age-band disparities between T1D and T2D widened in 2023-24.
Conclusions:
- Distinct demographic and socioeconomic correlation patterns for T1D and T2D necessitate differentiated management and intervention strategies.
- Youth-focused approaches are recommended for T1D, while T2D requires socioeconomic and culturally tailored interventions.
- Continuous monitoring and targeted public health policies are essential for reducing disparities and improving diabetes outcomes.
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