Evaluation and prediction of Ki-67 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver with hepatocellular differentiation. The diagnosis and prognosis of HCC are significantly influenced by tumor markers. Ki-67 as an immunohistochemical marker is a nuclear antigen related to the level of cell proliferation activity. Ki-67 is an important prognostic markers of HCC. In order to help clinicians assess patient outcomes, Ki67 can function as an independent prognostic indicator. In HCC, elevated Ki67 expression is linked to a worse prognosis and a higher chance of recurrence. It is considered a significant marker of clinical, histopathological, and immunological status and prognosis in HCC. Preoperative evaluation and prediction of Ki-67 expression in HCC with machine learning models based on intratumoral and peritumoral radiomic features now have a significant role in patient management and care and will provide a more definite direction for subsequent research. This article aims to evaluate the role of Ki-67 and various other biomarkers in HCC.