Next-Generation Biomaterials: Design Strategies, Clinical Translation, and the Rise of Intelligent Therapeutic...

Biomaterials are emerging as dynamic, programmable systems designed to interact with biological environments precisely and purposefully. This review highlights cutting-edge biofabrication strategies for nanostructured scaffolds, stimuli-responsive polymers, bioresorbable metallic and polymeric implants, and smart drug-delivery platforms, linking design principles to functional performance and clinical translation. We discuss design strategies that are converging with artificial intelligence and machine learning to accelerate material discovery, enable property optimization, and advance innovations from laboratory research to clinical use. Persistent scalability, reproducibility, and regulatory approval challenges are assessed alongside emerging, sustainable solutions that prioritize clinical viability. By integrating insights from materials science, bioengineering, and translational medicine, this work envisions intelligent therapeutic platforms capable of delivering safer, more personalized, and future-ready biomedical interventions.