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EEG-based network dynamics in cannabis and polydrug use: a directed transfer function approach.

Alicja Anna Binkowska1, Anna Kaszyńska2, Maciej Kamiński3

  • 1Institute of Psychology, Humanitas University, Jana Kilińskiego 43, Sosnowiec, 41-200, Poland. alicja.a.binkowska@gmail.com.

Psychopharmacology
|October 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Cannabis-only use alters brain connectivity in specific areas and frequency bands. Polydrug use causes broader changes, indicating complex neural interactions and potential compensatory mechanisms.

Keywords:
CannabisDirected Transfer Function (DTF)Directed functional connectivityDrug usePolydrug useResting-state EEG

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychopharmacology
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Cannabis is frequently used with other substances, but its isolated effects on brain activity compared to polydrug use are under-researched.
  • Understanding substance-specific versus interactive effects on neural connectivity is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate alterations in resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) functional connectivity in cannabis-only users versus polydrug users.
  • To assess frequency-specific information flow using the Directed Transfer Function (DTF).

Main Methods:

  • Compared three groups: cannabis-only users (n=27), polydrug users (n=29), and non-drug-using controls (n=30).
  • Recorded resting-state EEG under eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions.
  • Applied DTF to quantify directed connectivity and frequency-dependent neural signal propagation.

Main Results:

  • Cannabis-only use showed localized neural propagation changes in frontal areas across theta, beta, and gamma bands; alpha activity was stable.
  • Polydrug use exhibited widespread connectivity alterations, including reduced alpha activity and increased frontal/prefrontal engagement.
  • Findings suggest heightened excitation and compensatory mechanisms in polydrug users.

Conclusions:

  • This study first characterizes frequency-specific EEG connectivity patterns for cannabis and polydrug use.
  • Emphasizes the significance of considering cannabis within a polysubstance context.
  • Recommends longitudinal studies to examine dose, frequency, and duration effects.