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Related Concept Videos

Positron Emission Tomography01:29

Positron Emission Tomography

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body...
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Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 14, 2026

PET Imaging of Neuroinflammation Using [11C]DPA-713 in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Stroke
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Comparing and combining TSPO-PET tracers in tauopathies.

Harry Crook1,2, Nicolai Franzmeier3,4,5, Nesrine Rahmouni6,7

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
|October 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new standardization pipeline effectively harmonized translocator protein (TSPO) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) tracers for neuroinflammation quantification in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP). Comparability was less robust in Alzheimer

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s disease.NeuroinflammationPositron emission tomographyProgressive supranuclear palsyTranslocator protein

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Biomedical Imaging

Background:

  • Neuroinflammation, driven by microgliosis, is central to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP).
  • Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging targeting the translocator protein (TSPO) allows in vivo assessment of microgliosis.
  • Existing TSPO tracers show consistent disease-specific patterns, but direct quantitative comparisons across different tracers in tauopathies are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply and evaluate a TSPO-PET standardization pipeline for harmonizing multi-center data.
  • To quantitatively compare and combine TSPO-PET data from clinically matched AD and PSP cohorts.
  • To assess the comparability of different TSPO-PET tracers ([11C]PK11195, [18F]GE-180, [11C]PBR28) in neurodegenerative diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Patients with PSP and AD, along with control participants, underwent PET scans using [11C]PK11195, [18F]GE-180, or [11C]PBR28 across multiple centers.
  • A standardized pre-processing pipeline was implemented, and standardized uptake volume ratio (SUVR) values were z-scored using tracer-specific control data.
  • Dissimilarity analyses were performed to assess tracer differences across clinically matched cohorts.

Main Results:

  • In PSP cohorts, [11C]PK11195 and [18F]GE-180 binding patterns were comparable after standardization.
  • In AD cohorts, tracer comparability was less consistent: [11C]PK11195 and [18F]GE-180 showed the highest comparability, followed by [18F]GE-180 vs. [11C]PBR28, and then [11C]PK11195 vs. [11C]PBR28.
  • The standardization pipeline demonstrated effectiveness in harmonizing TSPO-PET tracers for neuroinflammation quantification in PSP.

Conclusions:

  • The developed pipeline successfully harmonized TSPO-PET tracers for standardized neuroinflammation quantification in PSP cohorts.
  • The standardization pipeline's effectiveness was less robust when applied to Alzheimer's disease cohorts.
  • Further refinement may be needed to achieve robust cross-tracer comparability in AD using TSPO-PET imaging.