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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
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Understanding Entrustable Professional Activity Micro-assessment Quality and Entrustability: Impact of Gender and

Alexandra Z Agathis1, Joanna Yang2, Damien J Lazar1

  • 1Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.

The Journal of Surgical Research
|October 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gender and experience influence surgical resident entrustability ratings and feedback quality in micro-assessments. Female residents often underestimate their abilities, while experienced attendings may rate entrustability lower.

Keywords:
CBACompetency-based assessmentEPAEntrustable professional activityGeneral surgerySIMPLSurgery residency

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Surgical Training
  • Performance Assessment

Background:

  • US surgical residency programs utilize American Board of Surgery Entrustable Professional Activity (EPA) micro-assessments.
  • Early data suggests gender may impact scoring, but specific factors remain unclear.
  • This study examines factors influencing EPA entrustability ratings and feedback quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe initial experiences with EPA micro-assessments in a surgical residency.
  • To identify factors influencing entrustability ratings and feedback quality.
  • To analyze the impact of gender and experience on EPA evaluations.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 2496 anonymized EPA micro-assessments (June 2023-March 2024).
  • Attending evaluations received a quality (QuAL) rating by two assessors.
  • Univariate and multivariable analyses explored relationships between scores and attending/resident factors.

Main Results:

  • Female residents underestimated entrustability (P < 0.01) and received longer feedback.
  • Female faculty provided longer, higher-quality evaluations with more suggestions (P < 0.01).
  • Attendings with >5 years of experience rated resident entrustability progressively lower (P < 0.01).

Conclusions:

  • Gender and attending experience significantly impact resident entrustability scores and evaluation quality.
  • Residency programs must acknowledge these trends and potential biases in EPA implementation.
  • Findings highlight the need for awareness regarding factors influencing surgical resident assessments.