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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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A wearable-based aging clock associates with disease and behavior.

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Wearable sensors can now estimate biological age using photoplethysmography (PPG). This PpgAge clock predicts chronological age and identifies individuals at higher risk for heart disease and diabetes.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomarkers of aging
  • Longevity research
  • Digital health

Background:

  • Aging clocks are crucial for understanding longevity and improving clinical interventions.
  • Current aging clocks rely on clinical data (blood, vitals, imaging).
  • Wearable devices offer frequent, low-cost, real-world measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate PpgAge, a novel aging clock utilizing wrist-based photoplethysmography (PPG) from consumer wearables.
  • To assess PpgAge's accuracy in predicting chronological age and its association with healthy aging indicators.

Main Methods:

  • Development of PpgAge using PPG data from a large-scale observational study (Apple Heart & Movement Study, n=213,593).
  • Analysis of the PpgAge gap (predicted age - chronological age) in relation to health outcomes and behaviors.
  • Longitudinal assessment of PpgAge changes.

Main Results:

  • PpgAge accurately predicts chronological age and reflects healthy aging.
  • An elevated PpgAge gap correlates with increased diagnoses of heart disease, heart failure, and diabetes.
  • The PpgAge gap predicts incident heart disease events, even after controlling for risk factors.
  • PpgAge associates with lifestyle behaviors (smoking, exercise, sleep).
  • PpgAge shows sharp increases during pregnancy and with cardiac events.

Conclusions:

  • PpgAge is a non-invasive, passively collected aging clock with significant clinical potential.
  • Wrist-based PPG aging clocks can identify individuals at elevated risk for chronic diseases.
  • PpgAge offers a new tool for monitoring health and aging trajectories using wearable technology.