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Related Concept Videos

Active Transport01:14

Active Transport

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Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...
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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would...
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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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The regulation of sodium and potassium ion concentrations in the human body is a complex process governed primarily by hormones such as aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).
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One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
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One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
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Single atom activated multi-stage active sites for thoroughgoing sodium utilization.

Shengyong Gao1,2, Yibo Zhu1, Ke Shi1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China.

Nature Communications
|October 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Single atoms of tin anchored on carbon nanofibers dynamically adjust their coordination, enhancing sodium ion adsorption and enabling uniform deposition. This breakthrough allows for stable cycling in sodium-ion batteries, paving the way for advanced energy storage.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Single-atom catalysts offer unique advantages for guiding sodium deposition in batteries.
  • Understanding the coordination environment's impact on single-atom activity is crucial for optimizing performance.
  • Current strategies for tuning single-atom catalysts need further exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop carbon nanofiber films with dynamically coordinated tin single atoms.
  • To investigate the influence of coordination modes on tin atom activity and sodium deposition.
  • To enhance the stability and performance of sodium-ion batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of carbon nanofiber films with anchored tin single atoms.
  • Characterization of dynamic coordination modes (N3O1 to N1O3).
  • Electrochemical testing of symmetric sodium cells and anode-free full cells.

Main Results:

  • Tin single atoms enhance sodium-ion adsorption and activate remote carbon atoms.
  • Coordination environment significantly affects tin atom activity, with higher nitrogen coordination showing greater activity.
  • Optimized tin-carbon host enables uniform sodium deposition and stripping, achieving 1200 hours of stable cycling in symmetric cells.
  • Anode-free full cells demonstrate 94% capacity retention after 700 cycles.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic coordination of single atoms offers a novel approach to tune catalytic activity.
  • The developed tin-carbon host effectively promotes uniform sodium deposition, crucial for battery longevity.
  • This work provides insights into coordination-governed single-atom catalysis for advanced sodium-ion batteries.