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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Active Brownian particles (ABPs) are fundamental to understanding self-driven matter.
  • The Active Model B+ (AMB+) generalizes Model B for conserved order parameters, incorporating activity terms.
  • Phase separation in active matter systems is crucial for self-organization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically investigate the coarsening kinetics of active Brownian particles using the Active Model B+.
  • To analyze both macroscale phase separation (MPS) and microscale phase separation (µPS) in AMB+.
  • To elucidate the role of activity terms (λ and ξ) on phase separation dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive numerical simulations of the Active Model B+.
  • Analysis of coarsening kinetics under critical composition and spinodal decomposition.
  • Characterization of order parameter current patterns and mass transfer mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • AMB+ exhibits slower domain growth (exponent 1/4) during MPS due to circular mass transfer between droplets.
  • A distinct pattern of alternating current loops and nodal points is observed along domain walls in MPS.
  • For other parameter ranges, AMB+ shows µPS, forming a crystal of monodisperse droplets.

Conclusions:

  • The unique current structure in AMB+ significantly impacts coarsening kinetics compared to passive systems.
  • AMB+ demonstrates rich phase separation behaviors, including MPS with slow coarsening and µPS with ordered structures.
  • This study provides insights into the fundamental physics governing active matter self-organization and pattern formation.